Synopsis The book presents a comparative study of the philosophies of Buddha and Marx in view of their impending influences on the transformation of the traditional and conservative societies of the world. The Marxist critique of religion has been closely examined in relation to Buddhism and it has been analysed that the Marxist view of religion is not applicable to the religion of Buddha who was a humanist par excellence. The book, therefore, compares the epistemological, philosophical and ethical aspects of both Buddhism and Marxism in relation to each other. There are number of similarities of ideas between Buddhism and Marxism, which have been rightly viewed as complementary to each other in order to benefit mankind in its practical life. However, the recent trends among the people the world over are more inclined towards Buddha's Dhamma than the Marxist creed. The author has carefully and reasonably analysed comparatively almost all the aspects both Buddhism and Marxism. The book is certainly an important contribution to the existing field of knowledge as it elucidates the vitality and relevance of what is beneficial to the present generation.