This anthology bring together twelve essays on the creative and intellectual cosmopolitanism which Rabindranath Tagore held as an essential element of his negotiations of modernity. From the 1920s, Tagore began to distance himself from ideas of nation and nationalism which were limited by political contingency, and move towards a philosophy of univeral humanism associated with creative freedom. This found expression in a whole range of critical and creative responses, in literature, music, politics, pedagogy, rural reconstruction, utopianism and race. The essays in this volume, written by some of the finest scholars working in the field, situate Tagore in the context of both Indian and European modernisms, not only in his own time but also in the continuing exploration and interpretation of his work in the present century.