The present volume seeks to present probably for the first time an all-India conspectus of the economies of the tribes through specific case studies from different parts of the country of various modes of production. The diversities of regional situations and the multiple processes of transition are dealt with in similar case studies. The focus is on change and transformation of the modes of production including the relations of production. These papers also raise the larger issues of the relationship of the tribes’ economy with society. The picture that emerges is a complex one calling for further research and vigorous action programme to make tribal’s adjustment to the emerging situations less painful.