Demography is the scientific study of population. Demographers seek to know the level and trends of population size and its components. They search for explanations of demographic changes and their implications for societies. The Indian demographic scene was undergoing a significant change. Although the country still continued to be in the explosive second stage of the demographic transition, yet the trends in fertility and mortality for the country as a whole, as also for its large parts, indicated a perceptible change. The faster decline in the fertility rate in comparison to the decline in mortality rate of the country was a significant development in this regard since the mortality rate in the country had already declined significantly.