Pyalakurthy, the village under study for the specific purpose, is located in Rayalaseema, one of the backward and drought stricken areas not only in Andhra Pradesh but also India. The content mentioned in this book is collected based on fieldwork and the participant observation. So, this work touched the minute things. It is also multifaceted research work as it gives detailed information about wide-ranging areas such as archaeology, ethno-archaeology, historicity, social structure, relations, values and discrimination, status of women, traditions and methods followed in agriculture, famines, droughts and migrations, folk culture, social activities and awareness among the village folk of this village. A comparative study has been undertaken in this work i.e. each and every condition of present scenario is compared with the past of the same. The endeavour is expected to be resourceful and insightful for prospective researchers.