Financial systems issues undermine the effectiveness of monetary policy, exacerbate economic downturns, trigger capital flight and exchange rate pressures, and create large fiscal costs related to rescuing troubled financial institutions. A financial market in which long-term debt obligations and equity securities are bought and sold and all financial transactions are executed between users and suppliers of funds. Financial markets are a part of the changing business paradigms, across the globe. It is hoped that this book will be very useful society in general and students of Economics/Commerce in particular.