India has achieved remarkable progress in human and economic development since Independence. The concept of sustainable development is buzz word now-a-days which has emerged due to increasing problems of environment and ecology. The inter-related issues emerged from economic growth; environment and ecology are affecting the human population. The human activities are adversely affecting the environment and ecology while the global issues like ozone layer depletion, greenhouse gases affect, global warming, climatic change, etc. cause concern. The environmental pollution is posing a serious challenge for the sustainability of the economic growth while the road to sustainable development is a tardy one. There is degradation of natural resources due to over exploitation, unsustainable economic and commercial activities as well as poor governance of environmental regulations, policies and enforcement of environmental legislations. The scope of scientific understanding and technical skills in ecology and environmental science have widened significantly over the years. A greater attention is being paid to global environmental change, biodiversity conservation, environmental toxics, ecological restoration, and sustainable development, with particularly emphasis on human well-being. Most of the global environmental problems fall within the gambit of ecological studies and require a thorough understanding of ecological principles for resolution. Against this backdrop, present volume highlights the emerging issues pertaining to changing eco systems-both flora and fauna, environment and climate change in India. It is expected the volume will be highly useful in understanding of dynamics of eco-systems, environment and climate change and evolving roadmap for protection of environment in India.