This book exclusively deals about the various advance instrumental techniques applied for the examination of historic Indian coins for their composition and microstructure. Based on the authors' more than 37 years of experience in the field of metal conservation, the book highlights the type and source of minerals for minting the coins, fabrication technology and discrimination between the fake and old coins based on scientific examinations. Few newer methods for the preservation of ancient coins, leaded bronzes, and metal artifacts have been highlighted based on field trial. The book also incorporates about the cannon metal and fabrication technology used for bimetallic medieval cannons using advanced instrumental techniques like Electron Back scattered Diffraction (EBSD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The authors have compiled all their international and national publications for this book project for the benefit of researchers, metal conservators and scientific institutions working in the field of metals and alloys.