Synopsis Achievement motivation stands for the accomplishment of excellence and the achievement in mathematics stands for the performance of students in mathematics. As per the assumptions and research studies, one influences the other. A Study, hence, has been undertaken to identify the level of achievement motivation and achievement in mathematics possessed by the SC and OBC students studying in Andhra Pradesh Social Welfare Residential Schools and to study the association between achievement motivation and achievement in mathematics. The students were possessing an average level of achievement motivation and achievement in mathematics, and there was no association between achievement motivation and achievement in mathematics. This study will help many teachers and administrators in planning between curricular and co-curricular programmes.