An understating of fundamentals of agronomy is essential for scientific farming community to increase trend in crop production while ensuring sustainability of the system. Major problem in Indian Agriculture is low crop productivity but, population is growing at enormous rate. Therefore it is important to understand the fundamentals of agronomy to provide favourable environment for crop growth and development along with planning, programming and executing measures for efficient utilization of land, labour, capital and natural resources. This text book is as per the syllabus prescribed by Fifth Dean’s Committee on Higher Agricultural Education in India. The book provides its readers with an added advantage of broad coverage of topics and well thought explanations of various fundamental aspects of agronomy.