Synopsis India being one of the oldest civilizations of the world, has a tradition of higher learning and of library institutions. From ancient times India has thus been a centre of institutions of higher learning and libraries. In terms of history libraries were part of the Indus valley civilization commonly known as Harappa, Mohanjodaro. During the Muslim rule in India and with the advent of printing technology library expansion took place at a faster speed. However in the modern period British influences on the library development in India are clearly visible. In the post independence period, the expansion of libraries and library education has gained momentum and has been on the lines of UNESCO. All these historical developments and the development, of library institutions in post independence India have been discussed in great detail in this-book.