Biotechnology is nothing new. In fact, it has been part of nature and life since ancient times. For instance preservation of food in dry form and marking of sauce, vinegar, curd and wine are all results of a biotechnological exercise. In India in particular, Ayurveda has always utilised biotechnological techniques, in preparation of drugs and medicines. Later, it developed through medieval times to greater heights in Arab, Spain and India and later on in Europe also. In modern times, Biotechnology has acquired a new role to play as our present day life style largely depends on it. This study deals with Biotechnology, as a discipline. It covers all aspects of the subject, in view of making it beneficial for scholars and students alike.