The main objective of this booklet is to lay down a track following which the physician's task in understanding the state of mind and disposition of the patient (or changes therein) is made very easy. A few illustrative cases are also given to show how the method can be put into practice. In view of the fact that many students complain of getting confused when "taking the case", we felt the necessity of outlining how to elicit the other symptoms which complete the "totality of the case" such as the physical generals, causations, concomitants and the peculiar, uncommon and characteristic symptoms (sometimes called Key-notes) in a separate section.