What is the nature of the social order that unquestionably produced one of the greatest and longest lasting civilizations known to humankind? Alain Danielou, distinguished Orientalist, musicologist, and linguist, reveals the foundations of India’s culture and the four aims of human life as they are viewed in traditional Hindu society: virtue on a moral plane; success on the material and social planes; pleasure on a sensual plane; an liberation on a spiritual plane, Coexistent with these aims are the four stages of life: quest for knowledge, family life, retreat into the forest, and renunciation. A four fold division can be found in all traditional societies throughout the world, symbolically representing the progression of creative consciousness into order that differs profoundly from those accepted in the contemporary Western addresses issues of race, individual rights, sexual mores, marital practices, and spiritual attainments. In this light, he exposes the inherent flaws and hypocrisies or our modern egalitarian governments and shows how the shadow side of the ancient caste system persists, disguised and unacknowledged, beneath contemporary economic regimes. Danielou explains how Hindu society has served as a model for the realization of human potential on many levels, addressing sociological and human problems that are both timeless and universal.