Synopsis The book presents critical insights into long debated questions about the relationship between language and cognition, whether the people who speak different languages think differently, and whether a varying capability for language acquisition will generate a varying level of cognitive development. Considering that there are 5000 or so languages spoken by the people on this planet, in what way this diversity gets reflected in the people in mental development, in knowledge representation, or in building a compact and rich language. Is language fundamentally different? Where do languages come from? And so on, the book presents a scenario of work being carried out, attempting answer to such and other question. Language and cognition are processually intertwined, giving rise to several vibrant research concerns. The concerns are mutual and have been co-determined; also by the other subjects, for instance, psychology, philosophy, computer science, anthropology and neuroscience when these subjects began sharing the interaction to generate a more dynamic and complex interactive set. Some of the concerns discussed are Linguistic Theory, Lexicon, Folk Psychology, Cognitive Semantics, a speech Acts, amongst others. This is a book for students of Psychology, Language, Linguistics, Anthropological Linguistics, and Cognitive Linguistic, presenting a broad research perspective.