Synopsis This book attempts to develop a theory of population in the light of thoughts and ideas of M.K. Gandhi. It formulates a conceptual framework of Gandhian paradigm in which diverse issues such as development, social and gender relations, science and technology, urban-rural relations, etc. can be examined. The book is divided into three sections. Section-A: Has five chapters devoted to examination of population trends in the world and in India, theory of demographic transition and aspects of sustainable development. Section-B: Has two chapters devoted to discussion of Gandhian theory of society and a new Gandhian theory of population. Section-C: Divided into seven chapters, applies Gandhian theory in following areas: conceptualisation of development, gender relations and feminism, environment, urban patterns, sociology of science, fertility among minority groups and a holistic theory of population.