The Aravallis located in the north-western part of India is one of the oldest folded mountain systems in the world. Due to its unique landscape, the Aravallis harbor diverse ecosystems and habitats. Proper documentation of the flora and spatial characterization of the landscape is essential for sustainable development. The authors have documented the flowering plants of Aravallis of Rajasthan based on field surveys and literature. Quantitative assessment of floristic diversity was carried out using phytosociological data. Vegetation types of the Aravallis were delineated using Indian remote sensing data and field inventory data to understand the explicit spatial extent and distribution. This study also characterized species diversity and biological richness at the landscape level using satellite remote sensing and geographic information system.