This book is an outcome of holistic efforts taken by a group of researchers and professors to bring the recent innovations and developments among the UG and PG students of biological and agriculture faculties. This book provides an insight from emerging nanobiotechnology to traditional fermentation technology. It covers various roots of biotechnology such as rDNA technology, genomics, plant biotechnology, cancer biology, bioethics, bioinformatics, marine biotechnology, fermentation technology and environmental biotechnology. With contributions from authors of different viewpoints and areas, the subject is given a thorough and balanced understanding in recent developments. Unlike many other texts in this field, this book provides hindsight, insight and foresight of biotechnology. This will also serve as a reference material for the dissertation works of M.Sc./M.Tech programmes in biotechnology.