Synopsis This book is a historical study of the Buddhist cosmology which was formulated in its perfect form by the Mahayana school of the Yogacaryas at the end of the Kushan period. The essence of this concept did not exceed the main channel of Mahayana thought and amounted to the idea of an inner metalogical unity of samsara and niravana, and forms the ‘psychocosmic’ system which may be termed the ‘Buddhist cosmos’. The Buddhist cosmic model has constructed on the principle of the psycho-cosmogram which is a visual and symbolic representation of cosmic forces as psychic processes. It is based on two basic principles of Buddhism: the concepts of the ‘Wheel of Becoming’ (bhava-cakra) which turns in the endless round of birth and death, and of the ‘Wheel of the Doctrine’ (dharma-cakra0 by following which one may attain release from the never-ending round of transmigration.