The concept and understanding of menopause has changed over years and in fact this subject is one of the most dynamic areas in gynecology. To make it easy for the readers to understand the basic concepts of this complex phenomenon, the first section covers the definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology and symptomatology in detail. The second section deals with all the aspects of hormone therapy, current evidence and its use in the management of common menopausal symptoms. The third section deals with both complex and sensitive issues. Besides chronic conditions like cardiac diseases, sarcopenia and cognition, the safety of hormone therapy in cancer has been discussed in this section.