Synopsis The present work is an important addition to the literature on socio-religious History of Modern India with Western U.P. under focus. Based on a variety of original and secondary sources, this pioneering work attempts at looking on the activities of the Arya Samaj in social and religious fields and its contribution towards rejuvenating the Hindu society through a Non-Arya Samajist's eyes. A full chapter has been devoted to the Shuddhi movement to understand its socio-religious and political implications. This well researched study enhances our understanding of the socio-religious forces working in the late nineteenth-early twentieth century India.