Synopsis The present volume deals with the antiquity and historicity of Jainism which attracted the attention of Indian and foreign scholars interested in the study of Jaina religion and philosophy. The book, based on earlier researches and studies traces the long history and a large continuing presence of Arhat tradition whis is pre-Aryan, as also proved by the finds during the excavations of Mohen0JO0Daro and Harappan sites and references in Dharama-Shastras. In pre-historic times, Jaina culture and religion was founded and propagated by the first Tirthankara Rishabhadeva and popularized by the other ford makers. However, Mahavira, a contemporary of Buddha and the twenty fourth Tirthankara enriched Jainism and attracted a large number of followers in his fold. Undoubtedly, he organized his followers into a compact social and religious order quite distinct from Brahmanic and Vedic Society. The book also depicts the continuing rich Jaina tradition after the nirvana of Mahavira. This publication will prove to be of great reference value to those who are interested in studying the history and long tradition of Jainism.