Synopsis Punjab has been unanimously described by all historian as a land of five rivers as well as land of agricultures. This simplistis observation has obscured the whole historical reality of this province. Dr. Daljit Singh in this book explodes this wrong notion in simple but forewards and highlights the glaring features of the socio-economic condition of the Punjab of 16 and 17 centuries. As there is no book, the author made also source of efforts to explore the primary as well as unexplode contemporary writings to trace out the true picture of the socio-economic life of the people of Punjab. A socio-economic life can neither be divorced from the political and the religious life of the people. Dr. Singh tries to build up an account of the political and religious conditions, piece by piece, with the help of available records. The author is humble to admit that full justice cannot be done such a topic, but he emphasises that the conclusion of his work is based on the facts as produce by the various evidences related to the period of this study. In brief, this work will be useful as well as meaningful for all those who have got interest in the study of Punjab.