Synopsis Since the last few decades primary Health Care in India has penetrated into the rural and tribal areas. Health personnel and para medical workers in the remote areas, especially in the tribal areas find less time to educate tribals on health and nutrition as they are loaded with record maintenance, health camps, immunization, family planning targets and meetings. Efforts are not made for collecting health and nutrition related data on tribals, which is very essential in planning culturally acceptable health and nutrition care programs. This study unravels the traditional health care beliefs and practices among the primitive tribes of Mahatarashtra in the light of their socio-economic background. The study provides recommendations in health and development for these groups. There is no book which focuses on the health and development of the Madia, Kolams and the Katkaris of Maharashtra. The book will be of immense help to policy makers, students of Anthropology, Sociology, Health Sciences, Medicine, Social Service, Development Planning, Tribal Studies, N.G.O’s as well as general readers.