Synopsis Gaseous substances are released in to the atmosphere, seen as a reservoir with unlimited assimilating capacity. Air being of vital importance, cannot be exploited to the extremes when it becomes unsafe for use. Its capacity to assimilate waste gases is not unlimited. A scientific assessment of air quality and its capacity to assimilate pollutants for safeguarding atmosphere should form the basis of a national air quality management programme. A number of events in Europe and the United States has made the people aware of the adverse effects of air pollution. Though in India laws have been enacted to control air pollution, their enforcement is yet to become effective. Remedial action in phases, makes identification of the problem related to air pollution and local levels imperative. Te air that man breaths is polluted by industrial and automobile emissions bringing into the atmosphere suspended particulate matter, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, carbon monoxide, photo chemical oxidants and bydrocarbons. These pollutants, individually and collectively, have teratogenic, carcinogenic or mutagenic effects, and can also cause respiratory ailments, the physiological barriers are ineffective against them.