Synopsis The present volume gives emphasis on the new orientation which is being given to study of these periods. For example, it provides a detailed study of the middle class in medieval India, social legislation and public reaction in modern India, status and empowerment of women in modern India, and also Itihasa-Darsana, Marxist view of history and Nehru's universalistic view of history. Some old topics which have not lost their appeal such as medieval paintings, Akbar's attitude towards Rana Pratap, British relations with Mewar, ideology of the Congress Socialist Party, and the Muslims of the Indo-Pak sub-continent have also been discussed and included in it. We, therefore, believe that it will be found useful and interesting by all the researchers, teachers, students and general readers and will be regarded as a 'must' for every university and college and also for the personal libraries of individual scholars.