Synopsis The Vedas are the oldest in world literature and have been preserved letter for letter and accent for accent despite the non-development of the art of writing till long years. The Aryan race who produced them are spread all over Europe and western Asia where was there original home and what made them disperse from there? Historians have explored the question, without much convincing results. Their examination is based on linguistic and literary methods, a relatively general and inaccurate method for such studies. Lokmanya Tilak for the first time applied the astronomical method, and came to strikingly convincing conclusions that the Aryans lived in Polar regions which had a most pleasant climate at that time, though the days and nights were very long, as they still are. They shifted when the climate began to change. The work is a significant contribution to Indian and world history which is still awaiting its due.