Synopsis Vast water area in and around India is exceptionally rich in underwater cultural heritage. This book is aimed to provide firsthand information about this nascent branch of archaeology. The book provides an introduction with the subject with information on recent advances made in this field. Results of the fieldworks at Mahabalipuram and Arikamedu in the Bay of Bengal and Elephanta in the Arabian Sea reveal important information to understand the mechanism of overseas commerce with Mediterranean world, seafaring activities in Indian Ocean and coastal changes. Study of Dwarka, Bet Dwarka and Mahabalipuram also generate valuable data for the scientific study of shoreline changes and their effect on the coastal monuments. Excavation of an eighteenth century shipwreck Princes Royal at 54 m depth with detailed documentation in the Arabian Sea tells about the status of underwater archaeology and deep diving capabilities. The UNESCO Convention and the ICOMOS Charter on Underwater Cultural Heritage would be useful for the protection and preservation of the underwater cultural heritage. Profusely illustrated with underwater photographs, line drawings and maps this book embodied the latest researches in marine archaeology and will fascinate not only the scholars and serious students but also the common reader.