Synopsis The most burning problem of the modern age is the population explosion which is causing great concern and proving a great obstacle in rapid economic and industrial growth. In a developing low-income country like India the alarming population growth is all due to poverty, illiteracy and superstition etc. the population increase no doubt has led to air and water population, shortage of dwelling units, unemployment, malnutrition and malnourished womenfolk, children, young and aged persons specifically in rural areas and among city squatters. More children cause miseries in a poor household resulting in utter poverty and scarcity of most basic need like food. The present study is an analytical examination of population explosion and its determinants and effects and eye opener of the grave problem. According to a World Bank Population survey more than half of the children under the age of four are mal-nourished, 60 percent of women are anemic and 30 percent of newborns are significantly underweight.