Synopsis Indian astronomy was one of the first subjects which attracted the attention of Western scholars after the existence of Sanskrit literature became known to them in the last quarter of the 18 century. There are a number of learned and critical works written by Indologists like William Jones, Colebrooke, Devies, Bailey, Bentley, Whitney, Jacobi, Plunkett, Biot and many more. Some of these works were highly critical of the Indian system and led to several controversies, and some explored the depth and antiquity of the system followed in India quite brilliantly and in an unbiased manner. This small treatise attempts to put things in proper perspective, endevouring to sum up the whole controversy, thus recasting, revising, enlarging, and bringing up to date, the theories which were readily accepted by scholars from all parts of the world. Tilak's Orion-or Researches into the antiquity of the Vedas, and the present treatise put out theories which quickly gained ground among Indologists. These two works have remained standard reference sources on the subject.