Synopsis Insect pest control has become the most pressing problem in recent years. The pesticides are considered as an essential inputs for solving the problem in sustainable crop production, but the experiences over the years have shown that their large scale and indiscriminate use has resulted into highly unstable agro-ecosystem. This book deals with pesticides, their ill effects such as elimination of non-target organisms including bio-agents, development of resistance, resurgence, pollution and also the undesirable residues on food commodities. The alternatives of pesticides particularly biological control as living weapon, biopesticides and other non-chemical methods alongwith IPM and biotechnological approaches have been described in depth which will be useful guide to students, researchers and also to farmers engaged in the field of eco-friendly protection of agricultural crops and their produce.