Synopsis The system of higher education in India is perhaps the largest and the oldest in the world. A quick perusal of the developments in higher education indicates that, in spite of other various inadequacies and limitations institutions of higher learning in India have helped in the accumulation of a stock of scientific and technical manpower, which is the third largest in the world. However, this had two consequences. One, there was an alleged drop in quality of higher education. And two, there was some disproportionality in the development of manpower between various sectors. Coupled with this have been the problems facing the Indian economy and the resultant erratic way of its expansion. A third related problem has been the inadequate manpower projection and manpower planning. All these have resulted in a certain amount of disfunctionality between the output of higher education and the intake of the job market, in other words, unemployment of the uneducated. There are still miles to go before the objectives of equity, quality and relevance can be achieved. There is strong feeling that the legacy of colonial higher education still influences Indian universities. In this book, a critical appraisal has been attempted with a view to unraveling some of the complexities of the higher education which affect the quality. In the light of the presentation, the role of higher education in meeting the future challenges has also been discussed. This book also suggests ways and means to mobilize additional resources in order to meet the ever growing maintenance and developmental needs of higher education, even though this has to be accompanied by internal academic changes in the system.