Synopsis This book is the first synthesis of the practice and the philosophy of the scientific method. It offers scientists a deeper understanding of the underpinnings of the scientific method, thereby leading to more productive research and experimentation. It also provides a greater perspective on the rationality of the scientific approach and its role in society. Topics relevant to a variety of disciplines are treated, and clarifying figures, case studies, and chapter summaries enhance the pedagogy. Designed for the student who has little or no background in the sciences, this book provides a brief, non-technical introduction to the basic methods underlying all good scientific research. It is ideal as a supplementary text for any course in which students must have some rudimentary understanding of how science is done. Topics include establishing causal links, testing explanations, extraordinary claims and anecdotal evidence, and fallacies.