Synopsis The system of herbal medicine known as Ayurveda has been followed in India from time immemorial. The germ plasm for this science which is now receiving world-wide attention can be traced to the most ancient of Sanskrit texts known as the Vedas. While identifying all the important medicinal plants that have been mentioned in the Ayurvedic texts along with their medicinal properties and uses, the authors have also tried to give appropriate references to the Sanskrit texts where their names appear. Along with the latest accepted Latin names, their Sanskrit and Hindi equivalents have also been listed in most cases in addition to the local names. Nearabout 700 species of important medicinal plants from the real back bone of Ayurveda. In addition to these plants that are commonly found in Kerala and many other states, the authors have also devoted some space to the medicinal plants of the Himalayan and the northern regions, to those that have been in use by the tribals and to medicinal mushrooms. It is for the first time a comprehensive compilation of this nature is appearing in India or any other country of the world, supported by colour photographs of excellent quality