Synopsis Indian land, fortunately, is the wettest in the world but the crisis in terms of spread and within year distribution of rainfall affects one in three people. The annual average rainfall of 1170 mm, by any standards, can be categorized as water rich but its spread and non-uniformity, within a year, are the major reasons for acute shortage of water during non-rainy months. The water storage capacities, therefore, have to be increased adequately. Scientific short term and long term runoff water harvesting, subsurface runoff harvesting such as dykes, roof top water harvesting, integrated watershed management and groundwater recharging technologies etc. are the befitting answers to deal with such a situation. Hydrology, which constitutes three most important events, viz. precipitation, abstraction and runoff, has to be understood well. Drought characterization study must be taken up in different agro-climatic zones of the country and suitable crop plan strategies need to be developed under aberrant rainfall conditions. Low cost percolation tanks are found to be most effective for surface runoff harvesting and groundwater recharge. The attention should be given to it in watershed development and management projects. This book contains useful information on “Hydrology and Watershed Management” from the selected technical papers presented during the 37th and 38th ISAE Annual Convention and Symposium held at CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur from Jan 29-31, 2003 and CAET, Dr. B.S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli from Jan 16-18, 2004, respectively.