Synopsis This book is dedicated to the memory of the late Professor Pravin Visaria, one of India’s most renowned demographers. In one of his recent writings with the senior editor of the present volume, he had termed the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) as a landmark in Indian surveys. With the subsequent rounds, the NFHS has emerged as a storehouse of social, demographic, health data in India. This book is the outcome of efforts made by a few researchers in India and abroad to indicate how data generated by NFHS can offer valuable insights into the changing quality of life of Indians.