Synopsis The possible acquisition of nuclear weapons by the states is a major international concern for those countries which do not posses them. Since 1968, the international arrangements designed to prevent this have been based upon “Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty”, which has now been permanently and indefinitely extended in final extension conference in 1995. The nuclear weapons states put pressure today on non-nuclear countries not to proliferate while raising their own nuclear arsenals. Ironically, the so-called threshold states are templed to resort to acquire the ultimate weapons. Will the next nuclear confrontation be between Third world nuclear powers or between a third world nuclear power and a present nuclear state? The study examines the pros and cons of the production, acquisition, stockpiting and use of nuclear weapons by non-nuclear powers and its disastrous impact on World peace.