Synopsis Human settlements in the semi-arid region often suffer from the change in monsoon rainfall. Presence of degraded surface rainwater storage systems in these areas and meticulous design practices indicate the integrated approach followed by the civilization in conservation. The present civilization adopted the technological advances in their living style. Hence, large qualities of water are transported over long distances in meeting their demands. This has led to physical, chemical and biological contamination, making it mandatory to ascertain its quality, prior to consumption, and utilization. The incurred loss during the transportation, distribution, storage at user’s place and utilization, lead to identification of new sources for supply. Assessment of present day utility and leakages and alternative ways of effective management of water resources is essential prior to economic commitment. The water availability, stress and various options that are available on the surface run-off harvesting, domestic roof water harvesting, quality assessment and remediation, water use strategy and water demand management, that could be used in semi-arid region, is presented in a comprehensive way. The people dealing with utilization of water towards their academic and research pursuit, planners, socio-economist and non-government agencies, could benefit from this book.