Synopsis Biodiversity refers to the diversity of biological species and the ecosystems in which they live. The survival of mankind greatly depends on biodiversity which meets the diverse needs of man right from food, fuel, fibre and medicine. Over the last few decades biodiversity has been a matter of focused attention due to very rapid loss of biological species forever from the biosphere. Biological diversity is, in fact, the very basis of human existence on earth. It’s conservation and wise management is likely to be critical to the very survival if humanity. The present book “Biodiversity: Assessment and Conservation” incorporates articles on biodiversity and its conservation with special reference to India. This volume contains 16 chapters covering information on plant diversity in Gujarat; Diversity in Forage grass; Conservation of medicinal plant in India; Biodiversity conservation and traditional knowledge; Biodiversity of cyanophyceae; Bacillariophycean diversity; Conservation of biodiversity through Agroforestry; Phytodiversity assessment in J&K and Biodiversity of Thar desert. Chapters on economic importance of some flowers & Fruits; Facts & dimensions of biodiversity conservation; Conservation & utilization of plant genetic resources for future food; agriculture and medicine; forest mapping and Diversity indicators etc. have added to the value of the book. Book provide adequate background & current information on Biodiversity & its conservation covering holistic approach. This book will be useful for a variety of scholars, environmentalist, botanist, forest people, phytogeographers & conservationists.