Synopsis Bio-medical waste has to be regarded as a hazardous and infectious waste stream. Therefore, it has to be treated accordingly. If bio-medical waste get mixed with other waste mixed with other waste, it contaminates all waste. A Proper collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of bio-medical waste is necessary and legally prescribed. Private sector involvement is advised for rendering these services. A common treatment facility looks to be the most promising option. Bio-medical waste is generated during the diagnosis, treatment and immunization of humans or animals. It is also generated in research activities pertaining thereto, and in the production of testing of biological material. The mismanagement of the bio-medical waste poses risks to people and the environment. Healthcare workers, patients, waste handlers, waste pickers and the general public are all exposed to health risks from infectious waste (Particularly from sharps, which easily cause cuts and can transmit infection). The improper disposal of bio-medical waste-open dumping and uncontrolled burning –increase the risk of spreading infections. The book is prepared keeping in mind the need of management of Bio-medical waste in 21st century.