The present book is compendium of recent research on cyanobacterial studies. It is an assemblage of the up-to-date information of rapid advances and developments taking place in the field of cynobacterial ecology, cyanobacterial biofertilizers, toxicology, morphology, physiology, stress responses, biotechnology and molecular biology. This book will be a mile-stone in the field of cyanobacteriology because it will open a new vista in the field of cyanobacteriology and its applied aspects. Various information incorporated in the book by authors who are internationally acknowledged experts in the field of cyanobacteriology. The book has been framed with the intention of providing a sufficient depth of the subject to satisfy the needs at a level which will be comprehensive and interesting. The book will be useful to the students, teachers, scientists and researchers from the different branches of phycology, agricultural biology and paddy growers.