Synopsis Indian Society has been analysed with different perspectives such as religio-philosophical, historico-political, Marxian and so on. On the one hand, these perspectives have greatly strengthened theoretical foundations of analysis and on the other hand, the creative thinkers have presented new approaches to understanding utilitarianism, income-egalitarianism, welfare- egalitarianism, libertarianism, etc. The unorthodox way of looking at the problems in our society by Indian philosophers and radical writers, as different from western scholars, has shed a new light on the current concerns. Today, Indian society is no longer perceived as a traditional society. Rather, it is now viewed as a modern society. But changes brought about by various planned measures also have negative consequences. This requires evaluation of social issues both in the existing and emerging societies. Rich in empirical data and theoretical analyses, the present work is an endeavour to understand the dynamics of various aspects of Indian society.