This book was edited with the objective of analyzing the biotechnological approaches for improvement of medicinal and crop species. The book provides information on genome sequencing in microbes, androgenic haploids, and various aspects of plant tissue culture, secondary metobolities, biopesticides and mycotoxins. The book “recent trends in Biotechnology” contains contributions from various research institutes and universities of India. The book includes 14 research and review articles. The first article by K. Kotesawara Rao is on Microbial genome sequencing. The next article is on androgenic haploidy in Solanum species by Venkataiah et al. followed by In vitro propagation of Syaygium alternifolium by Rama Murthy and Savithramma. Shankarmurthy et. Al. have dealt on Plant Regeneration from Root culture of Embelia ribes. Six articles on importance of growth regulators in plant tissue culture in various crop and medicinally important species have been written by Gayatri and Rama Gopal, Param Geetham et al., Karthik Iyer et al., Ramulu et al., Ugandhar et al. and Aruna et al., sai ram et al. have written on Anthyperglycenic activity of leaf callus of Gymnema sylvestre. Giridhar and S.M. Reddy, Rama Krishna and narayanaiah have given and account of mycotoxins problems in India and their management and Botanical pesticides respectively. Ventataiah et al., have reviewed the Importance of Biotechnology in improvement of vegetable Solanaceous crops. We are grateful to all leading scientists who have contributed chapters clearly elucidating the recent development in various fields. We hope that this book containing the contributors from various scientists will definitely be useful to post graduate students. Teachers and researchers engaged in various disciplines of Botany and Biotechnology.