Synopsis The present study seeks to discuss and analyse India’s relations with the USSR during a period when crucial transformation took place in the interaction between India and the USSR. It covers a period of a decade after the death of Stalin and discusses how the relations between the two countries were gradually widened and deepened. The period under discussion i.e. 1953-1964 was very important as well as critical from the point of view of their bilateral relations and the emerging political scenario which tended to turn the bi-polar world into a multi polar world. The whole decade had witnessed a number of political development which has great impact on Indo—Soviet relations. The present study tries to analyse Indo-Soviet relations broadly, covering all aspects during the period of Nehru’s prime Ministership. In the light of their relations, the difficulties India had to face in the crisis situation during Nehruvian period cannot be ignored.