Synopsis The present work starts with the theme of decentring of history and how, in the context of decolonization, all people in the world must write their own history. Its goes on to asses the impact of Central Asian ideas and institutions on Indian history during the 10th to 14th centuries, and the growing concept of historiography in the country. In the field of culture, the historical roots of the rise of the bhakti movement are re-examined. The section on state examines the problems of social formations, cultural developments and the growth of the economy on the structure of the state, and comes to the conclusion that despite some limitation, India had by the end of the 17th Century largely completed the first phase of capitalist development. The book also discusses the concept and evolution of different types of Islamic states in India-Orthodox, moderate, liberal and secularist.