Synopsis This research study inquires into the nature and causes of various economic problems in the field of value and distribution in ancient India, from pre-historic times to the 12th century A.D. and discusses the various provisions and systems evolved by the ancient Indian thinkers for their solutions. It explores and analyses thoughts, provisions and contemporary socio-religion economic institutions advanced by the ancient Indian sages and provides a rational and critical interpretation to their underlying assumptions, concepts and doctrines. As its conclusion, the study suggests the creation of new socio-economic structure based on moral, humanistic, integrated and balanced approach.