Synopsis This is the first English translation of the Askavadana text, the Sanskrit version of The Legend of King Asoka, first written in the second century A.D. Emperor of India during the third century B.C. and one of he most important rulers in the history of Buddhism.  Asoka had hitherto been studied in the West primarily from his edict and rock inscriptions in many parts of the Indian subcontinent.  Through an extensive critical essay and a fluid translation, John Strong examines the importance of the Asoka of the Legends for our overall understanding of Buddhism. Professor Strong contrasts the text with the Pali traditions about King Asoka and discusses the Buddhist view of kingship, the relationship of the state and the Buddhist community, the king’s role in relating his kingdom to the person of the Buddha, and the connections between merit making, cosmology, and Buddhist doctrine.  An appendix provides summaries of other stories about Asoka.