Synopsis In recent years economic research in countries with planned economies is turning ever greater attention toward optimising foreign trade. Studies are being devoted to such questions as now an optimal commodity composition, as well as an optimal market allocation within the volume of the turnover can be achieved, what the criteria of optimization should be; how the level of the foreign exchange rate should be determined; etc. One of the questions raised by these. Studies is whether there exists, at a given time, an optimal volume of foreign trade, and it so, what its connection is with the foreign exchange rate, as well as with the criterion used to measure economic efficiency. A very large number of interesting papers have been written on the theory of trade and distortions in recent years. The object of the present volume is to present results regarding the implications of a trade theories.