Synopsis This is the second volume of Dr. Radhakamal Mukerjee's A History of Indian Civilization. The volume deals with the medieval and modern synthesis and comprises 25 chapters capsuled in 4 parts. The keynote of Dr. Mukerjee's treatment of Indian civilization is its synthetic capacity. The renaissances in the different epochs and reigns of Indian history have reinforced this spirit. The history of Indian civilization, with special reference to renaissances is exceedingly relevant today. Some of these renaissances are: the Mahayana Renaissance, the Gupta Neo-Brahmanical Renaissance, the Post-Gupta Puranic Renaissance, the Great religious reformation led by Sankara (A.D. 788-828), the Tantrik renaissance, the Pallava and the Chola renaissances, the Bhakti and the Sufi Movements, the renaissance in literature, painting, architecture and handicrafts under the Mughal Emperors, and finally the 19 century cultural renaissance. Dr. Mukerjee considers Gandhiji as the supreme and shining example of democratic leadership in India. He stood for right rather than for might. His procedure of satyagraha was remarkably effective in Indian mass movements launched by him. Gandhi's new techniques have far deeper and more extensive applications in social and political transformations than are imagined in the present junction.