Synopsis Fast and indiscriminate exploitation of nature and living world by human beings for their benefits have resulted in extinction of many species and many others are on the brink of extinction.  Moreover, environmental changes have also contributed a great lot to this situation.  Maintenance of genetic diversity as well as prevention of loss of genetic diversity by genetic management of small and large populations are being done through techniques of conservation genetics.  The present book is an attempt to explore the basic concepts, tools, techniques and methods concerned with and utilized in conservation genetics, genetic diversity, species extinction, single loci genetic diversity characterization, quantitative variation, natural selection and adaptation, mutation, migration and selection interactions, evolution in small populations, maintenance and loss of genetic diversity, inter alia numerous topics well-explained through diagrams. Views of eminent authorities are also included.  This sincere attempts to encompass latest developments concerning conservation genetics is of utmost importance to students, teachers, researchers and general readers.